4 research outputs found
Hybrid Verification for Analog and Mixed-signal Circuits
With increasing design complexity and reliability requirements, analog and mixedsignal
(AMS) verification manifests itself as a key bottleneck. While formal methods and
machine learning have been proposed for AMS verification, these two types of techniques
suffer from their own limitations, with the former being specifically limited by scalability
and the latter by inherent errors in learning-based models.
We present a new direction in AMS verification by proposing a hybrid formal/machinelearning-
based verification technique (HFMV) to combine the best of the two worlds.
HFMV builds formalism on the top of a machine learning model to verify AMS circuits
efficiently while meeting a user-specified confidence level. Guided by formal checks,
HFMV intelligently explores the high-dimensional parameter space of a given design by
iteratively improving the machine learning model. As a result, it leads to accurate failure
prediction in the case of a failing circuit or a reliable pass decision in the case of a good
circuit. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HFMV approach is capable
of identifying hard-to-find failures which are completely missed by a huge number
of random simulation samples while significantly cutting down training sample size and
verification cycle time
Hybrid Verification for Analog and Mixed-signal Circuits
With increasing design complexity and reliability requirements, analog and mixedsignal
(AMS) verification manifests itself as a key bottleneck. While formal methods and
machine learning have been proposed for AMS verification, these two types of techniques
suffer from their own limitations, with the former being specifically limited by scalability
and the latter by inherent errors in learning-based models.
We present a new direction in AMS verification by proposing a hybrid formal/machinelearning-
based verification technique (HFMV) to combine the best of the two worlds.
HFMV builds formalism on the top of a machine learning model to verify AMS circuits
efficiently while meeting a user-specified confidence level. Guided by formal checks,
HFMV intelligently explores the high-dimensional parameter space of a given design by
iteratively improving the machine learning model. As a result, it leads to accurate failure
prediction in the case of a failing circuit or a reliable pass decision in the case of a good
circuit. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HFMV approach is capable
of identifying hard-to-find failures which are completely missed by a huge number
of random simulation samples while significantly cutting down training sample size and
verification cycle time
Metabolomics–Proteomics Combined Approach Identifies Differential Metabolism-Associated Molecular Events between Senescence and Apoptosis
Apoptosis
and senescence are two types of cell fates in response
to chemotherapy. Besides canonical pathways that mediate cell fates,
cancer cell metabolism has been revealed as a crucial factor affecting
cell fate decisions and thus represents a new target for antitumor
therapy. Therefore, a comprehensive description of metabolic pathways
underlying cell senescence and apoptosis in response to chemotherapy
is highly demanded for therapeutic exploitation of both processes.
Herein we employed a metabolomics–proteomics combined approach
to identify metabolism-associated molecular events that mediate cellular
responses to senescence and apoptosis using doxorubicin-treated human
breast cancer cells MCF7 as models. Such biomics approach revealed
that tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and nucleotide
synthesis pathways were significantly upregulated in the senescent
model, whereas fatty acid synthesis was reduced. In apoptotic cells,
an overall reduced activity of major metabolic pathways was observed
except for the arginine and proline pathway. Combinatorially, these
data show the utility of biomics in exploring biochemical mechanism-based
differences between apoptosis and senescence and reveal an unprecedented
finding of the metabolic events that were induced for survival by
facilitating ROS elimination and DNA damage repair in senescent cells,
while they were downregulated in apoptotic cells when DNA damage was
irreparable